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Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…the presence or haemodynamic significance of a specific stenosis. Clinical Role and Indications CAC scoring is principally a risk stratification tool for individuals without known…

Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…of survival. Neonatal screening with pulse oxymetry The majority of all congenital heart defects are detected early in infancy or childhood. For obvious reasons, more…

The Best Clinical ECG Book: ECG Made Easy or Complete?

…and discussions on differential diagnoses for each condition. Moreover, most books included very few real world examples of the conditions, or provided too few tests…

Lumbar puncture

…The Swedish clinical care programme for bacterial CNS infections states that CT must not be performed before lumbar puncture in suspected bacterial meningitis — not even…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

…5B). Ultrasound energy in side lobes is mostly dissipated in the tissue without generating significant reflections. However, when side lobes encounter strong reflectors (calcifications, pericardium…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…atrial enlargement (P mitrale) and right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) The atria may become dilated and/or hypertrophic during pathological circumstances. As for ventricular enlargement…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…cessation The principal benefits relevant to clinical cardiology include: Clinical setting or outcome Reported benefit of cessation Cardiovascular disease overall Substantial reduction in cardiovascular events…

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT): ECG features & management

…Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachyarrhythmia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachyarrhythmia Some textbooks use the term "node…

Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

…or heart rate, which is not physiologically justified . The latter criterion is important because rhythms that are physiologically justified should not be considered abnormal. For…

🟠 Mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculator

…the heart pumps and the resistance encountered in the systemic circulation. Therefore, alterations in heart rate, stroke volume, or vascular tone can significantly impact MAP…

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