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Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…of life ( Triedman et al ). According to the European Society for Cardiology, 2800 adults per 1 million individuals have congenital heart defects, and half of…

The Best Clinical ECG Book: ECG Made Easy or Complete?

…interested in other books and online resources, we have plowed through more than 30 of the most popular ECG books (according to Amazon and Google…

Lumbar puncture

…Only clinical signs of herniation halt the puncture, and antibiotics and a corticosteroid are then given immediately after blood cultures. For questions other than acute…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

…echogenicity). For each reflection, a portion of the sound waves return to the transducer and produce a copy of the reflector on the image. Hence…

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes, although opportunistic assessment during clinical encounters improves detection of risk factors such as elevated blood pressure and lipid abnormalities…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…ventricle. Right atrial enlargement (hypertrophy) leads to stronger electrical currents and thus enhancement of the contribution of the right atrium to the P wave. The…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…Triggers for smoking and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness to attempt…

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT): ECG features & management

…have any clinical relevance and it may lead to misunderstanding. Use of the term PSVT is therefore not recommended. Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant…

Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re entry This section introduces the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice, beginning…

🟠 Mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculator

…Pressure (CVP) This equation illustrates that MAP is determined by the volume of blood the heart pumps and the resistance encountered in the systemic circulation…

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