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Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…or haemodynamic significance of a specific stenosis. Clinical Role and Indications CAC scoring is principally a risk stratification tool for individuals without known clinical coronary…

High-Sensitivity Troponin: 0/1-Hour Rule-In and Rule-Out Algorithms

…list of physical examination findings or a specific examination sequence. It does, however, emphasize that symptoms and vital signs contribute to initial triage and that…

Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…for every 10,000 apparently healthy newborn infants, around six will have critical CHD, and the pulse oximetry test will correctly identify five of these…

The Best Clinical ECG Book: ECG Made Easy or Complete?

…the trap of oversimplification. Physicians, nurses, paramedics and physician assistants who rely on such books will realize their shortcomings at their first encounter with an…

Lumbar puncture

…Only clinical signs of herniation halt the puncture, and antibiotics and a corticosteroid are then given immediately after blood cultures. For questions other than acute…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

…Figures 5A and 5B). Ultrasound energy in side lobes is mostly dissipated in the tissue without generating significant reflections. However, when side lobes encounter strong…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…The ECG contour of the normal P wave, P mitrale (left atrial enlargement) and P pulmonale (right atrial enlargement) Abnormal P waves: atrial enlargement If…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…improves vascular health and may reduce cardiovascular risk within several years, although risk may remain higher than that of never smokers for a prolonged period…

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT): ECG features & management

…have any clinical relevance and it may lead to misunderstanding. Use of the term PSVT is therefore not recommended. Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant…

Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

…not be considered abnormal. For example, sinus bradycardia (a slow rhythm directed by the sinoatrial node) is a common finding in athletes and during sleep…

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