…sex , and race based percentile Comparison with the expected score for a person of the same age and sex CAC may also reveal extracoronary findings…

…Patients with NSTE ACS should be admitted for management of acute ischaemia. Those with possible ACS, a non diagnostic ECG, and normal initial troponin may…

…and the pulse oximetry test will correctly identify five of these with critical CHD ( Plana et al ). Minor defects can go unnoticed for many years…

…the trap of oversimplification. Physicians, nurses, paramedics and physician assistants who rely on such books will realize their shortcomings at their first encounter with an…

…Only clinical signs of herniation halt the puncture, and antibiotics and a corticosteroid are then given immediately after blood cultures. For questions other than acute…

…e structures with high echogenicity). For each reflection, a portion of the sound waves return to the transducer and produce a copy of the reflector…

…The ECG contour of the normal P wave, P mitrale (left atrial enlargement) and P pulmonale (right atrial enlargement) Abnormal P waves: atrial enlargement If…

…attempts and their duration. Triggers for smoking and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled…

…impulse reaches the atrioventricular node when there are two pathways, one being refractory and the other capable of conducting the impulse, re entry may arise…

…and arrhythmology ECG Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re entry This section introduces the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice, beginning with…

…standard formulas. Therefore, while MAP is a valuable indicator of hemodynamic status, it should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical assessments and diagnostic information.

…For patients with bundle branch blocks, the corresponding figure is 500 ms. The QT interval represents the time between the onset of ventricular depolarization and…

…most clinicians who encounter patients with pacemakers only have access to conventional surface ECGs. Being able to assess pacemaker function and perform troubleshooting should be…

…as 20 kHz). Sound waves with frequency above 20,000 Hz (20 kHz) can not be perceived by the human ear and these sound wav

…it encounters a refractory right bundle branch and therefore the impulse is conducted with right bundle branch block morphology. This is an example of how…

…interval and PR segment The P wave ECG interpretation usually starts with assessment of the P wave. The P wave is a small, positive and…