…sex , and race based percentile Comparison with the expected score for a person of the same age and sex CAC may also reveal extracoronary findings…

…Patients with NSTE ACS should be admitted for management of acute ischaemia. Those with possible ACS, a non diagnostic ECG, and normal initial troponin may…

…and the pulse oximetry test will correctly identify five of these with critical CHD ( Plana et al ). Minor defects can go unnoticed for many years…

…the trap of oversimplification. Physicians, nurses, paramedics and physician assistants who rely on such books will realize their shortcomings at their first encounter with an…

…for bacterial CNS infections states that CT must not be performed before lumbar puncture in suspected bacterial meningitis — not even with a reduced level of…

…e structures with high echogenicity). For each reflection, a portion of the sound waves return to the transducer and produce a copy of the reflector…

…The ECG contour of the normal P wave, P mitrale (left atrial enlargement) and P pulmonale (right atrial enlargement) Abnormal P waves: atrial enlargement If…

…improves vascular health and may reduce cardiovascular risk within several years, although risk may remain higher than that of never smokers for a prolonged period…

…system, and in most cases, there is no significant hemodynamic compromise. However, in cases of rapid AVNRT or in patients with underlying structural heart disease…

…and arrhythmology ECG Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re entry This section introduces the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice, beginning with…

…Pressure (CVP) This equation illustrates that MAP is determined by the volume of blood the heart pumps and the resistance encountered in the systemic circulation…

…For patients with bundle branch blocks, the corresponding figure is 500 ms. The QT interval represents the time between the onset of ventricular depolarization and…

…most clinicians who encounter patients with pacemakers only have access to conventional surface ECGs. Being able to assess pacemaker function and perform troubleshooting should be…

…as 20 kHz). Sound waves with frequency above 20,000 Hz (20 kHz) can not be perceived by the human ear and these sound wav

…it encounters a refractory right bundle branch and therefore the impulse is conducted with right bundle branch block morphology. This is an example of how…

…interval and PR segment The P wave ECG interpretation usually starts with assessment of the P wave. The P wave is a small, positive and…