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Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…considered in selected lower risk individuals with a family history of premature coronary artery disease. CAC findings incidentally identified on a chest CT performed for…

High-Sensitivity Troponin: 0/1-Hour Rule-In and Rule-Out Algorithms

…be admitted for management of acute ischaemia. Those with possible ACS, a non diagnostic ECG, and normal initial troponin may be observed in a chest…

Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…regularly encounter patients with CHD. Approximately 95% of all incident cases of congenital heart disease reach adulthood ( Mandalenakis et al ). The largest leap in survival…

The Best Clinical ECG Book: ECG Made Easy or Complete?

…nurses, paramedics and physician assistants who rely on such books will realize their shortcomings at their first encounter with an ECG in reality. Books that…

Lumbar puncture

…The Swedish clinical care programme for bacterial CNS infections states that CT must not be performed before lumbar puncture in suspected bacterial meningitis — not even…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

…5B). Ultrasound energy in side lobes is mostly dissipated in the tissue without generating significant reflections. However, when side lobes encounter strong reflectors (calcifications, pericardium…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…the normal P wave does not exceed 2.5 mm in any limb lead. Reference values for the P wave The negative deflection of biphasic …

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…risk within several years, although risk may remain higher than that of never smokers for a prolonged period. In heavy smokers, cardiovascular risk falls within…

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT): ECG features & management

…refractory pathway, as shown in Figure 1 . The impulse may subsequently circulate within the atrioventricular node, as long as it encounters excitable tissue. As it…

Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re entry This section introduces the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice, beginning…

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