…be admitted for management of acute ischaemia. Those with possible ACS, a non diagnostic ECG, and normal initial troponin may be observed in a chest…

…be integrated with clinical assessment and established risk estimation systems rather than used in isolation. Test Performance and Acquisition A contemporary CAC examination has several…

…routine in all Western countries. According to a Cochrane review, for every 10,000 apparently healthy newborn infants, around six will have critical CHD, and…

…book was at best poor. It is outdated, oversimplifies the concepts and basically lacks everything you need for clinical purposes. Regrettably, I cannot recommend this…

…The Swedish clinical care programme for bacterial CNS infections states that CT must not be performed before lumbar puncture in suspected bacterial meningitis — not even…

…Figures 5A and 5B). Ultrasound energy in side lobes is mostly dissipated in the tissue without generating significant reflections. However, when side lobes encounter strong…

…and right atrial enlargement is often referred to as P pulmonale . The reasons for this are explained below. The normal P wave contour on ECG…

…health benefit is greater still when reductions in non cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are included. Clinical presentation and assessment Identifying tobacco exposure Every cardiovascular assessment…

…not have any clinical relevance and it may lead to misunderstanding. Use of the term PSVT is therefore not recommended. Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re entry This section introduces the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice, beginning…

…the average arterial pressure and is a better indicator of organ perfusion. In clinical settings, MAP is often preferred over SBP for the following reasons…

…be used during bradycardia and tachycardia. Fridericia’s and Framingham formulas are often preferred in scenarios where a broader range of heart rates is encountered…

…His Purkinje network, resulting in normal QRS duration. Figure 3. Spontaneous atrial activity is sensed by the atrial lead and triggers ventricular stimulations. The QRS…

…they generate vibrations in the surrounding air and these vibrations propagate in the form of a sound wave. If the sound waves encounter a new…

…This is a frequent finding among healthy individuals and in those with heart disease. If such aberration occurs at normal heart rate (<100 beats/min)…

…normal circumstances) the P wave vector is directed downwards and to the left in the frontal plane and this yields a positive P wave in…