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Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…and the pulse oximetry test will correctly identify five of these with critical CHD ( Plana et al ). Minor defects can go unnoticed for many years…

The Best Clinical ECG Book: ECG Made Easy or Complete?

…nurses, paramedics and physician assistants who rely on such books will realize their shortcomings at their first encounter with an ECG in reality. Books that…

Lumbar puncture

…multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation of dementia with biomarkers (amyloid, tau, phospho tau). Measurement…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

…structures ( i.e structures with high echogenicity). For each reflection, a portion of the sound waves return to the transducer and produce a copy of…

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…sex , and race based percentile Comparison with the expected score for a person of the same age and sex CAC may also reveal extracoronary findings…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…P mitrale (left atrial enlargement) and P pulmonale (right atrial enlargement) Abnormal P waves: atrial enlargement If an atrium becomes enlarged (typically as a compensatory…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…in patients with established atherosclerotic disease. Readiness and behavioural context A brief, structured intervention should be used whenever smoking is identified. During encounters with smokers…

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT): ECG features & management

…intraventricular conduction defect. The ventricular rhythm is regular (as is the atrial) with a rate ranging between 150 and 250 beats per minute. The P…

Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

…not be considered abnormal. For example, sinus bradycardia (a slow rhythm directed by the sinoatrial node) is a common finding in athletes and during sleep…

🟠 Mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculator

…Pressure (CVP) This equation illustrates that MAP is determined by the volume of blood the heart pumps and the resistance encountered in the systemic circulation…

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