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Lumbar puncture

…The Swedish clinical care programme for bacterial CNS infections states that CT must not be performed before lumbar puncture in suspected bacterial meningitis — not even…

High-Sensitivity Troponin: 0/1-Hour Rule-In and Rule-Out Algorithms

…hypertensive emergency, heart failure, and end stage renal disease, may produce elevated troponin concentrations. The probability of MI increases continuously as the absolute hs cTn…

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT): ECG features & management

…Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachyarrhythmia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachyarrhythmia Some textbooks use the term "node…

Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…of congenital heart disease in the general population, such that most clinicians will regularly encounter patients with CHD. Approximately 95% of all incident cases of…

The Best Clinical ECG Book: ECG Made Easy or Complete?

…nurses, paramedics and physician assistants who rely on such books will realize their shortcomings at their first encounter with an ECG in reality. Books that…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

…times between dense structures ( i.e structures with high echogenicity). For each reflection, a portion of the sound waves return to the transducer and produce…

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…of the general population for cardiovascular risk factors has not been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes, although opportunistic assessment during clinical encounters improves detection of…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…enlargement (P pulmonale) The atria may become dilated and/or hypertrophic during pathological circumstances. As for ventricular enlargement, the ECG cannot differentiate dilatation from hypertrophy…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…and may reduce cardiovascular risk within several years, although risk may remain higher than that of never smokers for a prolonged period. In heavy smokers…

Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re entry This section introduces the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice, beginning…

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