…should undergo a diagnostic paracentesis , because spontaneous bacterial peritonitis often lacks abdominal pain and peritonism and instead presents as encephalopathy, renal failure or simply deterioration…

…is defined by a markedly raised blood pressure in combination with new or progressive acute target organ damage. Common manifestations are hypertensive encephalopathy, intracerebral haemorrhage…

…retinal signature includes flame haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and papilloedema. Associated complications may include encephalopathy, acute heart failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and abrupt deterioration in…

…persistent unsteadiness or ataxia without clear spontaneous nystagmus Cerebellar or brainstem infarction, intoxication, Wernicke's encephalopathy, other central disease Neurological examination, gait and truncal stability…

…crisis Hypertensive urgency: markedly raised pressure without organ involvement — lower it orally over days. Hypertensive emergency: raised pressure with acute organ damage (encephalopathy, pulmonary oedema…

…the symptoms governs the emergency treatment Severe symptoms The following symptoms indicate hyponatraemic encephalopathy and warrant immediate treatment in the absence of another obvious explanation:…

…refractory fluid overload, uraemic symptoms (pericarditis, encephalopathy) and certain poisonings. Early initiation without an absolute indication has not been shown to improve survival. Parameter Guide…

…7 1.7–2.3 2.3 Ascites None Mild Moderate–severe Encephalopathy None Grade 1–2 Grade 3–4 Class A = 5–6…