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Perioperative Management of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Cardiology Definition and pathophysiology Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) include permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices…

Standard Transthoracic Echocardiogram: Complete Imaging Protocol

…and overall mortality. Ventricular dimensions are measured using an electronic caliper, with the tips positioned at the interface between the compacted myocardium and the noncompacted…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…an expired type and screen discovered when the patient is already bleeding costs precious time. Exact validity periods and the rules for electronic issue differ…

Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…mortality, but most of the evidence was observational and the results must not be taken to mean that an electronic alert replaces clinical judgement [5]…

A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

…scale ECG data from a single Swedish region, linked to national death certificates and electronic health records, and asked whether it could isolate a clinically…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness to attempt cessation. Depression, schizophrenia…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

ECG Pacemaker malfunction, troubleshooting and ECG Conventional surface ECG can reveal the following types of pacemaker dysfunction: Failure to capture (FTC) , which means that the…

Components and construction of a pacemaker

…that drive the cells to threshold. Any stimulus driving the membrane potential to threshold will evoke an action potential, which will subsequently propagate to neighboring…

Basic cardiac pacing, pacemaker functions and settings

…e currents generated by tissues that the electrode is not connected to). Also, external signals from electronics (cell phones, computers, etc) must also be ignored…

Physics of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET): Radiotracers, perfusion, blood flow and viability

…In PET (Positron Emission Tomography), radiotracers emit positrons. When a positron collides with an electron, they annihilate each other, producing two gamma photons emitted in…

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