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Perioperative Management of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Cardiology Definition and pathophysiology Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) include permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices…

Standard Transthoracic Echocardiogram: Complete Imaging Protocol

…and overall mortality. Ventricular dimensions are measured using an electronic caliper, with the tips positioned at the interface between the compacted myocardium and the noncompacted…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…wrong patient — a mislabelled tube, or an identity check performed at the nurses' station instead of at the bedside. The check against the patient's…

Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…must not be taken to mean that an electronic alert replaces clinical judgement [5]. Recognising sepsis Suspected or confirmed infection together with new organ dysfunction…

A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

…study, PET, SPECT, genetic profiling — add information but are too costly or invasive to screen a population. The surface ECG is the obvious cheap, standardized…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness to attempt cessation. Depression, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, HIV infection or other circumstances that may affect cessation or treatment…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…etc. Most cases of malfunction are associated with the electronics in the pulse generator or dislodgement or fracture of the leads. External causes are less…

Components and construction of a pacemaker

…IPG) , which contains the electronics, a battery , and one or two leads . The pulse generator generates the electric current needed to stimulate the myocardium. The…

Basic cardiac pacing, pacemaker functions and settings

…of a pulse generator and one lead, which is located either in the right atrium or the right ventricle. Such systems are referred to as…

Physics of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET): Radiotracers, perfusion, blood flow and viability

…In PET (Positron Emission Tomography), radiotracers emit positrons. When a positron collides with an electron, they annihilate each other, producing two gamma photons emitted in…

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