…pacemaker detects electrical activity that it incorrectly interprets as atrial (P wave) or ventricular activity (R wave). The signals causing oversensing may not be visible…

…Stimulation threshold is the minimum amount of energy required to reach threshold and evoke an action potential. The intensity of the electrical stimulus is described…

…or passive , meaning that the cathode is not inserted into the myocardium but instead the lead is anchored to the myocardium via tines (Figure 1…

…automaticity) in the sinoatrial node. This simply means that the sinoatrial node discharges electrical impulses at a higher frequency than normal. Similar to sinus rhythm…

…maneuvers (Valsalva maneuver, carotid sinus [baroreceptor] stimulation). It is common to discover SB in healthy young individuals who are not well trained. This is also…

…causes, diagnosis & management This article covers the fundamental principles of atrioventricular (AV) blocks, which are classified into three types: first degree, second degree, and third…

…or syncope. ARVC can, however, cause ventricular tachycardia, which may degenerate into ventricular fibrillation at any age. Exercise, or any other activity causing adrenergic stimulation…

…action potential, automaticity and electrical vectors Video lecture The following video lecture summarises this chapter. The action potential includes a depolarization (activation) followed by a…

…hyperthyroidism or an untreated underlying cause make recurrence all but certain and argue against elective cardioversion. Anticoagulation before cardioversion After cardioversion the atrium does not…

…of the normal heart axis. Figure 1. The electrical axis of the heart (heart axis). As evident from the figure, the normal heart axis is…