…tissues, persisting from cardiac embryogenesis, are capable of exhibiting markedly increased automaticity, thereby serving as ectopic pacemaker foci. The term “ectopic” is often omitted in…

…refractory pathway, as shown in Figure 1 . The impulse may subsequently circulate within the atrioventricular node, as long as it encounters excitable tissue. As it…

…risk. 4 Furthermore, ectopic fat accumulation, such as intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), is independently associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)…

…are lower or otherwise modified in some populations. Cardiometabolic mechanisms Visceral and ectopic fat are particularly relevant to cardiovascular risk. Excess adipose tissue promotes: Chronic…

…themselves are not reproduced in the available source material. Waist circumference is particularly important because intra abdominal, or visceral, adipose tissue is more closely related…

…major target—where MR activation promotes sodium transport—MRs are also present in cardiac myocytes, vascular smooth muscle, endothelial cells, macrophages, neurons and other tissues…

…). Premature atrial contraction on ECG A premature atrial contraction occurs when an ectopic focus in the atria discharges before the next sinus impulse. The premature…

…atria begin to contract again. An unsynchronised shock that happens to fall in the T wave can precipitate ventricular fibrillation, and cardioversion of fibrillation of…

…conducted with right bundle branch block morphology. This is an example of how changes in the length of the cardiac cycle causes aberration. Figure 1…

…is why ectopic beats and ectopic rhythms originating there are referred to as junctional beats and junctional rhythms. The atria will be activated in the…