…and atherosclerosis. Ectopic fat deposited around or within the heart and kidneys may exert direct compressive effects and releases additional inflammatory and profibrotic mediators. Perinephric…

…aldosterone responsive genes. Although the kidney is a major target—where MR activation promotes sodium transport—MRs are also present in cardiac myocytes, vascular smooth…

…major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Figure 1 (below) shows…

…response. The ECG in ectopic atrial rhythm and atrial tachycardia A regular rhythm with P waves that differ in contour from sinus P waves. If…

…atrial contraction (premature atrial beat / complex) A premature atrial contraction is produced by an impulse discharged from an ectopic focus located anywhere in the atria…

…energy and is difficult to terminate pharmacologically. Ectopic atrial tachycardia or SVT that has not been terminated by vagal manoeuvres, adenosine or rate controlling drugs…

…are lower or otherwise modified in some populations. Cardiometabolic mechanisms Visceral and ectopic fat are particularly relevant to cardiovascular risk. Excess adipose tissue promotes: Chronic…

…causing aberrant ventricular conduction. A premature atrial beat is simply an extra (unexpected) beat discharged by an ectopic focus in the atria. The impulse from…

…AVRT (Pre excitation, Wolff Parkinson White syndrome) and ectopic atrial tachycardia have traditionally been referred to as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias , because these tachyarrhythmias originate in…

…and the ventricles, which is why ectopic beats and ectopic rhythms originating there are referred to as junctional beats and junctional rhythms. The atria will…