Echocardiography Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD) Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is considered a genetic cardiomyopathy that predominantly affects the right ventricle. ARVC…

…the age of 20 to 55 years. The disorder may manifest with any of the following symptoms: Syncope, pre syncope Ventricular tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation Cardiac…

…considered a normal finding. The regurgitation results in blood flowing back from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during diastole. The most common cause…

…Other mechanisms include thrombosis, embolism, vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia, arterial entrapment, cystic adventitial disease and trauma. Atherosclerotic PAD is a manifestation of systemic arterial disease rather…

…neck pain, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, ataxia Posterior circulation stroke Unilateral hearing loss or tinnitus Ménière's disease, vestibular schwannoma, labyrinthitis Continuous vertigo that does not…

…Hypertension and oestrogen exposure. Emotional or chronic mental stress. Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), which may produce arterial wall abnormalities and intramural haematomas. Inherited connective tissue disorders…

…cardiomyopathy (Dilated Cardiomyopathy, DCM) . Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC/ARVD) Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM ) Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome, apical ballooning syndrome). Non compaction cardiomyopathy

…cardiomyopathy (dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy), valvular disease . Less common causes are arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/ARVD), Brugada syndrome , long QT syndrome , sarcoidosis …

…amyloidosis [8, 15]. AL Amyloidosis: This is a plasma cell dyscrasia in which abnormal plasma cells produce misfolded immunoglobulin light chains [8, 19]. Light chains…