…channel inhibitor in the sinus node The only drug that reduces heart rate without affecting contractility, blood pressure, or conduction — it inhibits the funny current…

…heart failure with reduced ejection fraction when blood pressure or angina requires it. The slow onset makes the drug unsuitable for acute blood pressure reduction.

…the entire explanation for why the drug is ineffective in infranodal block. The effect comes within one minute and fades over an hour or so…

…with albuminuria, with or without diabetes. The dose is the same — 10 mg once daily — for all indications, making this drug unusually straightforward to manage.

…heparin, dalteparin is eliminated renally, so at eGFR below 30 ml/min the effect accumulates and the dose must be adjusted or the drug changed.

…and evening with a separate SABA as needed, or as maintenance-and-reliever therapy in the same inhaler. The two regimens must never be confused…

…for induction in the bleeding, septic, or otherwise preload-dependent patient, and the bronchodilation makes it valuable in life-threatening asthma. Respiratory drive and laryngeal…

Jardiance Synjardy Glyxambi SGLT2 inhibitor A diabetes drug now used mostly for reasons other than glucose control. Empagliflozin reduced cardiovascular death in type 2 diabetes…

…The only drug that reverses all components of anaphylaxis, and the cornerstone of cardiac arrest treatment. The most clinically dangerous property is not pharmacological but…

…selective alpha-blocker with onset within minutes and duration under half an hour. A niche drug: catecholamine-induced hypertensive crisis — phaeochromocytoma, cocaine and amphetamine intoxication…

…gout, with the goal of titrating upward until serum urate is stably below 360 μmol/l — not setting a fixed dose and leaving it…

…in patients who may need emergency surgery. The price is that approximately 80 % of absorbed drug is eliminated renally, so renal function governs treatment entirely…

…in structurally normal hearts. The CAST trial showed increased mortality after myocardial infarction — that boundary remains the most important fact in the drug's history.

…and minimal anticholinergic burden. The drug has two entirely different dosing worlds: a few milligrams in acute psychotic agitation in younger patients, and tenths of…

…making the drug unsuitable as first-line treatment in hypertensive crisis — but useful in pre-eclampsia and as afterload relief in combination with a nitrate…

…quickly, which is an advantage: the drug suits as-needed use and can be discontinued with rapid recovery of renal function and platelet function. The…

…while systemic vascular resistance and diastolic blood pressure fall, so the drug raises rate but not pressure. Used where rate itself is the problem: bradycardia…

…sodium-channel-mediated modulation, not on antidepressant action. What limits treatment is anticholinergic side effects, and what makes the drug dangerous is cardiotoxicity in overdose.

…V2 receptor means it lacks the vasoconstrictive effect of vasopressin. The danger is not the drug itself but the fluid the patient drinks with it.

…statin dose. The first step when the statin is maximised and the LDL target is still not reached — a fixed dose of 10 mg, no…

GlucaGen HypoKit Glucagon Novo Nordisk Baqsimi Ogluo Pancreatic hormone, glycogenolytic agent and inotrope Two entirely different drugs in the same ampoule. In severe hypoglycaemia, 1…