…formidable challenge in contemporary cardiovascular medicine. As a primary driver of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and a major cause of morbidity in patients with structural…

…adverse environmental exposures are associated with continued or resumed smoking after the acute event and warrant particular attention. Cardiovascular benefits of cessation The principal benefits…

…90% of thrombi in non valvular AF originate within this specific anatomical cul de sac [19] . Concurrently, the atrial myocardium undergoes structural remodeling driven by…

…both as an independent cardiovascular risk factor and as a driver of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and systemic inflammation. It is also associated with respiratory disorders…

…of increasing coronary blood flow. In circumstances with non shockable rhythm or with prolonged periods of VF (fine VF resistant to defibrillations), the purpose of…

…or bipolar mode of pacing (Figure 3). In bipolar pacing, the voltage difference is established at the lead tip, between the anode and cathode. With…

…Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) : Return of mechanical cardiac function resulting in circulation with pulse. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) : The pressure that drives blood flow…

…progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

…majority of cases, and the great majority of objects can be removed in general practice or in the emergency department with simple equipment. Two principles…

… the presence of spontaneous atrial or ventricular activity should inhibit pacing in the chamber with activity. However, sensing of spontaneous atrial activity (P waves) without…