…formidable challenge in contemporary cardiovascular medicine. As a primary driver of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and a major cause of morbidity in patients with structural…

…Smoking cessation is the complete discontinuation of tobacco smoking, with avoidance of second hand smoke and, where possible, other inhaled nicotine products. In cardiovascular medicine…

…and a profound driver of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, primarily due to its association with ischemic stroke and systemic embolism. The contemporary understanding of…

…with HFpEF can have pathophysiological characteristics that differ from those of non obese patients, and obesity complicates assessment of intravascular volume in both ambulatory and…

…gaps in knowledge, with some of the most critical components of current guidelines being based on observational data ( e.g compression rate and depth). With…

…that depolarizes cells in contact with the lead tip, and thus generate an action potential that will spread through the myocardium. Components of an artificial…

…of synchronized electric shock (i.e. a shock synchronized to the QRS complex). Typically used to treat atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and other tachyarrhythmias with…

…progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

…nasal speculum and otoscope specula in several sizes. Alligator forceps, bayonet forceps, an angled hook, a cerumen loop. Suction with Frazier tips of various sizes…

…record signals with an amplitude range of 1.5 to 5 mV, and frequency 80 to 100 Hz. The ventricular lead records signals in the…