…collectively dictate the urgency and modality of intervention [3] . By Duration: Non sustained VT (NSVT): Defined as three or more consecutive ventricular beats at a…

…likelihood of successful defibrillation is high in coarse VF (the early phase), but diminishes rapidly as the waveform becomes finer (Figures 2, 3 and 4…

…Figure 1). Unipolar vs. bipolar pacing Pacemakers can utilize either a unipolar or bipolar mode of pacing (Figure 3). In bipolar pacing, the voltage difference…

…a cerumen loop. Suction with Frazier tips of various sizes. A balloon catheter (a 5–6 Fr Fogarty or a Katz extractor). A local anaesthetic…

…true, incident HFpEF [3] . Hemodynamically, the gold standard definition of HFpEF relies on the demonstration of spontaneous or provokable elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressures…

…cardiovascular events (MACE), whereas BMI alone often fails to capture these specific pathological drivers. 5 Physiological Mechanisms of Cardioprotection: Direct vs. Weight Mediated The profound…

…collagen of the cap, leading to structural failure. Rupture exposes highly thrombogenic subendothelial matrix components, notably tissue factor and collagen, to the circulating blood [3…

…90% of thrombi in non valvular AF originate within this specific anatomical cul de sac [19] . Concurrently, the atrial myocardium undergoes structural remodeling driven by…

…cardiovascular societies, defines HF as a clinical syndrome corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels and/or objective evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion [3] . Within…

…meta analysis, 3 month DAPT, but not 6 month DAPT, was associated with higher rates of myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis in ACS patients. Extension…