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Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…paralysis Skin colour and temperature Capillary refill and venous filling Pulses proximal and distal to the suspected obstruction Arterial and venous Doppler signals Evidence of…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…of rebound. The referring physician should have made this decision; document which applies. Nitroglycerin is continued; note it in the report. Shaving and careful skin…

Overview of the ECG Waves, Deflections, Intervals, Durations

…complexes indicate that ventricular depolarization is slow, which may be a consequence of disturbances in the electrical conduction system. The J point and the ST…

Pediatric aspects of ECG leads & anatomy

…The youngest children often display spontaneous movements of limbs, neck and trunk, which may cause disturbances and thus reduce the quality of the ECG recording…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Bradycardia encompasses a spectrum of rhythm disturbances characterized by an inappropriately slow heart rate. Within the context of acute coronary syndromes…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…and cardiac arrest, with hyperkalemia being the most prevalent electrolyte disturbance observed in cardiac arrest scenarios. Hypocalcemia, although capable of causing cardiac arrest, is an…

Indications for pacemaker

…of AV block upon instigation of beta blockers suggests concealed conduction disturbance in the AV system. Thus, beta blockers can reveal people at risk of…

Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (defect)

…with nonspecific intraventricular conduction delays are at twice as great a risk of all cause death and cardiovascular death, compared to patients without such disturbances…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…with symptoms of digitalis toxicity, which manifests across multiple organ systems. Non cardiac symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, generalized malaise, and visual disturbances such as…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other machines/devices. Below follows ECG tracings demonstrating each type of failure. Figure 1. Failure to pace…

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