…is generally assumed to be zero, yielding the simplified ratio of mean distal coronary pressure to mean aortic pressure. FFR ranges from 0 to 1…

…supravalvular (stenosis distal to the valve). Valvular pulmonic stenosis can be caused by dysplastic, bicuspid or unicuspid valves. Table 1 presents common causes of pulmonic…

…claudication, the ankle pressure is measured immediately after treadmill walking or after repeated heel raises. A fall of ≥ 20 % after exercise confirms peripheral arterial disease…

…involves the descending aorta distal to the left subclavian artery. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer PAU is focal ulceration of an atherosclerotic plaque that penetrates through the…

…or coldness Paralysis Pain is often severe and is located distal to the arterial obstruction. Paresthesia, numbness and loss of sensation reflect peripheral nerve ischaemia…

…retrograde. Distal re entry tears may allow blood to return to the true lumen, whereas disruption of the adventitia can result in rupture. An alternative…

…influence several stages of intervention: lesion preparation; selection of stent diameter and length; identification of the proximal and distal reference segments; assessment of stent expansion…

…jeopardizes more myocardium than a distal lesion. In observational data, a lesion proximal to the first septal perforator of the left anterior descending artery was…

…No reflow should be suspected when distal coronary perfusion remains reduced despite successful treatment of the apparent epicardial stenosis and without an angiographically evident flow…

…vessels may maintain distal perfusion and permit visualization of the vessel beyond the occlusion when the patent donor artery is injected. The collateral circulation therefore…