…pool, numerous macrophages or foam cells, and a thin fibrous cap. Disruption of the cap exposes the lipid core and extracellular matrix to circulating blood…

…include hypercontractility or hypersensitivity of coronary vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictor stimuli, including adrenergic agonists, leukotrienes, and serotonin. In patients with CAD, endothelial disruption may…

…platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated with PCI exposes thrombogenic material, promoting platelet activation…

…causing microvascular embolization (i.e occluding smaller vessels downstream). The thrombosis causes occlusion of the artery; blood flow may be partially or completely obstructed. Consequently…

…or bypass graft Side branch occlusion or thrombus Disruption of collateral flow Distal embolization Stent thrombosis Graft occlusion after CABG No reflow despite removal of…

…thrombosis or restenosis. Type 1 myocardial infarction Definition and pathophysiology Type 1 MI results from acute coronary atherothrombosis. It is usually precipitated by disruption of…

…manifestations of myocardial ischaemia following an acute gastrointestinal bleed or a sustained tachyarrhythmia. Symptoms of acute myocardial ischaemia are required for a formal diagnosis of…

…is insufficient oxygen available. Insufficient oxygen supply results in diminished ATP production and subsequently disruption of cellular metabolism. In case of ischemia, cardiac myocytes protect…

…minor or reversible injury to extensive necrosis. Causes of myocardial injury Important causes include: Mechanism or clinical setting Examples Acute coronary atherothrombosis Plaque disruption or…

…may be antegrade or, less commonly, retrograde. Distal re entry tears may allow blood to return to the true lumen, whereas disruption of the adventitia…

…ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Post infarction mechanical complications are structural disruptions of acutely infarcted myocardium occurring most often during the first days after…

…a state of inadequate tissue and end organ perfusion caused by cardiac insufficiency. Sustained hypoperfusion reduces oxygen and nutrient delivery and, when severe or prolonged…

…narrow neck. These findings may reflect plaque disruption or thrombus. A rounded or polypoid intraluminal mass and lesion haziness raise suspicion of thrombus, although haziness…

…1 MI: Caused by atherothrombotic coronary artery disease, usually precipitated by atherosclerotic plaque disruption (rupture or erosion). The dynamic thrombotic component can vary in burden…

…coronary artery. Non obstructive disease is generally defined as the absence of a stenosis of 50% or more in any potential infarct related artery. MINOCA…

…fluid ounces of 40% distilled spirits. Habitual heavy consumption is defined in the source material as at least eight drinks weekly in females or at…

…episodic plaque disruption followed by thrombosis. Atherosclerotic disease usually evolves over decades. Intimal thickening may be present during the second and third decades of life…

…thrombogenic and pro thrombolytic factors determines whether atherothrombosis occurs, and these factors vary from minute to minute. Only a minority of all plaque disruptions resul

…These disruptions may initiate or complicate the haematoma. IMH most frequently involves the descending thoracic aorta, which is affected in approximately 60%–70% of cases…

…seconds. Case reports have indicated that the risk of high degree AV block and ventricular arrhythmias is greater in patients on digoxin or verapamil, although…

…pressure in the left ventricle. Disturbance in ventricular relaxation results in the disruption of pressure conditions in the left ventricle. Ventricular pressure should drop rapidly…

…The architecture and composition of the atherosclerotic plaque are the primary determinants of its vulnerability to disruption. Advanced atherosclerotic plaques consist of a lipid rich…