…pool, numerous macrophages or foam cells, and a thin fibrous cap. Disruption of the cap exposes the lipid core and extracellular matrix to circulating blood…

…include hypercontractility or hypersensitivity of coronary vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictor stimuli, including adrenergic agonists, leukotrienes, and serotonin. In patients with CAD, endothelial disruption may…

…platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated with PCI exposes thrombogenic material, promoting platelet activation…

…causing microvascular embolization (i.e occluding smaller vessels downstream). The thrombosis causes occlusion of the artery; blood flow may be partially or completely obstructed. Consequently…

…or bypass graft Side branch occlusion or thrombus Disruption of collateral flow Distal embolization Stent thrombosis Graft occlusion after CABG No reflow despite removal of…

…thrombosis or restenosis. Type 1 myocardial infarction Definition and pathophysiology Type 1 MI results from acute coronary atherothrombosis. It is usually precipitated by disruption of…

…manifestations of myocardial ischaemia following an acute gastrointestinal bleed or a sustained tachyarrhythmia. Symptoms of acute myocardial ischaemia are required for a formal diagnosis of…

…is insufficient oxygen available. Insufficient oxygen supply results in diminished ATP production and subsequently disruption of cellular metabolism. In case of ischemia, cardiac myocytes protect…

…minor or reversible injury to extensive necrosis. Causes of myocardial injury Important causes include: Mechanism or clinical setting Examples Acute coronary atherothrombosis Plaque disruption or…

…may be antegrade or, less commonly, retrograde. Distal re entry tears may allow blood to return to the true lumen, whereas disruption of the adventitia…