…the past two decades (many of those who would previously have been classified as unstable angina are now classified as NSTEMI due to the sensitive…

…Chronic: more than 90 days. The central clinical danger is progressive aortic wall disruption, rupture and compromise of branch vessels. Type A disease may cause…

…disruption may also be accompanied by haemorrhage into the plaque. The diagnosis is supported by the general criteria for acute MI together with evidence of…

…and a thin fibrous cap. Disruption of the cap exposes the lipid core and extracellular matrix to circulating blood. Tissue factor within the plaque and…

…pressure in the left ventricle. Disturbance in ventricular relaxation results in the disruption of pressure conditions in the left ventricle. Ventricular pressure should drop rapidly…

…MI using a biochemical and clinical approach. This culminated in the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Consensus Documents, with the Fourth Universal Definition published in…

…thrombogenic and pro thrombolytic factors determines whether atherothrombosis occurs, and these factors vary from minute to minute. Only a minority of all plaque disruptions resul

…is insufficient oxygen available. Insufficient oxygen supply results in diminished ATP production and subsequently disruption of cellular metabolism. In case of ischemia, cardiac myocytes protect…

…presence of these features does not imply inevitable clinical disruption. Fewer than 5% of thin capped fibroatheromas have been identified as the source of an…

…ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Post infarction mechanical complications are structural disruptions of acutely infarcted myocardium occurring most often during the first days after…

…of a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, which is not related to acute coronary atherothrombosis. By definition, acute atherothrombotic plaque disruption is not…

Critical care Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Cardiogenic shock is a state of inadequate tissue and end organ perfusion caused by cardiac insufficiency…

…in the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), in non obstructive coronary arteries, or in patients with intermediate lesions that do not produce physiologically…

…stability of the plaque is acutely compromised [7] . Sub group analyses from longitudinal angiographic registries demonstrate that the severity of baseline stenosis does not reliably…

…Consequently, alcohol should not be initiated as a cardiovascular preventive strategy. A drink equivalent contains approximately 12–14 g of ethanol. Representative quantities are a…

…it may not be possible to determine precisely how much of the postprocedural increase results from the index MI and how much is related to…

…platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated with PCI exposes thrombogenic material, promoting platelet activation…

…management is different. Takotsubo syndrome and myocarditis should not be classified as MINOCA when they are established as the explanation for the presentation. Clinical presentation…

…findings may reflect plaque disruption or thrombus. A rounded or polypoid intraluminal mass and lesion haziness raise suspicion of thrombus, although haziness is not specific…

…acute myocardial injury without having an infarction. The degree of troponin elevation does not by itself establish the mechanism. Increased concentrations may result from acute…

…These disruptions may initiate or complicate the haematoma. IMH most frequently involves the descending thoracic aorta, which is affected in approximately 60%–70% of cases…

…that the risk of high degree AV block and ventricular arrhythmias is greater in patients on digoxin or verapamil, although this is not an established…