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Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…the past two decades (many of those who would previously have been classified as unstable angina are now classified as NSTEMI due to the sensitive…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…Chronic: more than 90 days. The central clinical danger is progressive aortic wall disruption, rupture and compromise of branch vessels. Type A disease may cause…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…disruption may also be accompanied by haemorrhage into the plaque. The diagnosis is supported by the general criteria for acute MI together with evidence of…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…and a thin fibrous cap. Disruption of the cap exposes the lipid core and extracellular matrix to circulating blood. Tissue factor within the plaque and…

Relaxation of the left ventricle

…pressure in the left ventricle. Disturbance in ventricular relaxation results in the disruption of pressure conditions in the left ventricle. Ventricular pressure should drop rapidly…

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…MI using a biochemical and clinical approach. This culminated in the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Consensus Documents, with the Fourth Universal Definition published in…

Risk factors for sudden cardiac arrest

…thrombogenic and pro thrombolytic factors determines whether atherothrombosis occurs, and these factors vary from minute to minute. Only a minority of all plaque disruptions resul

Myocardial Ischemia & infarction: Cellular changes, ECG and symptoms

…is insufficient oxygen available. Insufficient oxygen supply results in diminished ATP production and subsequently disruption of cellular metabolism. In case of ischemia, cardiac myocytes protect…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…presence of these features does not imply inevitable clinical disruption. Fewer than 5% of thin capped fibroatheromas have been identified as the source of an…

Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Post infarction mechanical complications are structural disruptions of acutely infarcted myocardium occurring most often during the first days after…

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