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The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…least one of the following: Symptoms of myocardial ischaemia. New ischaemic ECG changes. New pathological Q waves. Imaging evidence of new loss of viable myocardium…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…amounts of pericardial effusion may not cause any ECG changes. Significant pericardial effusion may bring about the following ECG changes.: Low voltage: large amounts of…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…ECG Conventional surface ECG can reveal the following types of pacemaker dysfunction: Failure to capture (FTC) , which means that the pacemaker stimulations do not result…

Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…laboratory abnormalities indicate end organ injury. Eclampsia is the occurrence of new onset seizures or coma in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome—haemolysis…

Blood gas interpretation: quick reference for acid-base disorders

…A compensated simple disorder, or two opposing primary disorders It is therefore not enough to ask which of the pCO₂ and the HCO₃ deviates most…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…No single pain descriptor is diagnostic. The severity of pain also has limited discriminatory value. Features suggesting myocardial ischaemia Ischaemic discomfort commonly: Is substernal and…

The ST segment: physiology, normal appearance, ST depression & ST elevation

…2010 ). At the time of J 60 and J 80, there is minimal chance that there are any electrical potential differences in the myocardium. Current…

Mitral regurgitation

…results in thickening of the leaflets and may coexist with mitral stenosis. Idiopathic degeneration (Barlow's disease), degeneration associated with connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…The operator should have an elbow rest, and also avoid bending the back during the examination. Work related musculoskeletal disorders are a common cause of…

🟠 QT Drugs: Drugs causing QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP) and long QT syndrome (LQTS)

…with neuroleptic and anti histamine properties. Sleep disorder Aceprometazine is often used in combination with meprobamate for the treatment of sleep disorders. <a href="http:/…

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