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Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…reproductive and pregnancy related history. Female specific or female predominant factors associated with later cardiovascular risk include: Premature menopause Premature ovarian insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…Assessment begins with systematic lipid screening and a careful clinical, medical, social and multigenerational family history. The evaluation should establish: The magnitude of untreated LDL…

CME: How dietary fat affects coronary arteries, LDL cholesterol and body weight

…due to stopping statins. There are three main questions discussed in media, blogs and on social plattforms: Is high cholesterol a true cause of coronary…

Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…the occurrence of new onset seizures or coma in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome—haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes or transaminases, and thrombocytopenia—is…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…with the electronics in the pulse generator or dislodgement or fracture of the leads. External causes are less common and include electrolyte disorders, metabolic disorders…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…subepicardium over several hours. The extent and tempo of injury are influenced by collateral flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, and intermittent occlusion with reperfusion. Prompt reperfusion…

Blood gas interpretation: quick reference for acid-base disorders

…Abnormal A compensated simple disorder, or two opposing primary disorders It is therefore not enough to ask which of the pCO₂ and the HCO₃ deviates…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…the skin to fix the position of the transducer. The ultrasound gel is important because it maximizes the contact surface between the transducer and the…

🟠 QT Drugs: Drugs causing QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP) and long QT syndrome (LQTS)

…often used in combination with meprobamate for the treatment of sleep disorders. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Aceprometazine+AND+(%22QT%22…

Mitral regurgitation

…results in thickening of the leaflets and may coexist with mitral stenosis. Idiopathic degeneration (Barlow's disease), degeneration associated with connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome…

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