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Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…myocardial infarction. Rupture of the free ventricular wall. Neoplasms (particularly breast and lung cancer). Inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and…

Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease

…higher cardiovascular risk than the general population. This excess risk has been documented across a broad range of conditions, including gout, vasculitis, systemic sclerosis, myositis…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

Cardiology Respiratory medicine Definition and Pathophysiology Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous pathophysiological disorder characterized primarily by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure. It may arise…

Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…antenatal hypertensive disorders, but it may also arise de novo after delivery. New onset postpartum preeclampsia is increasingly recognized as a significant cause of maternal…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…include electrolyte disorders, metabolic disorders, hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other machines/devices. Below follows ECG tracings demonstrating each type of failure…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Myocardial infarction (MI) is a clinical diagnosis that integrates myocardial injury, evidence of acute myocardial ischaemia, electrocardiographic findings…

Blood gas interpretation: quick reference for acid-base disorders

…Skipping a step is a common reason why mixed acid base disorders are missed. The blood gas describes the physiology at the moment of sampling…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…during the examination. Work related musculoskeletal disorders are a common cause of pain and sickness absence for ultrasound practitioners (Harrison et al). When performing emergency…

🟠 QT Drugs: Drugs causing QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP) and long QT syndrome (LQTS)

…on QT prolongation or risk of torsade de pointes in PubMed. Drug with neuroleptic and anti histamine properties. Sleep disorder Aceprometazine is often used in…

Mitral regurgitation

…s disease), degeneration associated with connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome, Ehlers Danlos syndrome), osteogenesis imperfecta typically causes prolapse of P2 (Figure 1). Myocardial ischemia affecting…

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