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Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…and multiple organ failure. In the absence of treatment, approximately 1 in 100 cases of preeclampsia may progress to eclampsia. Clinical presentation and symptoms The…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…disorders, hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other machines/devices. Below follows ECG tracings demonstrating each type of failure. Figure 1. Failure to…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…4b and 4c fulfil the criteria for type 1 MI because they represent coronary atherothrombotic events in the setting of a stent thrombosis or restenosis…

Blood gas interpretation: quick reference for acid-base disorders

…enough to ask which of the pCO₂ and the HCO₃ deviates most. What matters is which change can explain the pH, and whether the other…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…possible due to the small distance between the heart and the ultrasound transducer, and because less air filled lung tissue covers the heart. In adults…

🟠 QT Drugs: Drugs causing QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP) and long QT syndrome (LQTS)

…torsade de pointes reported to the FDA in postmarketing studies. Anti androgen Cancer (Prostate) Abiraterone is an antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer…

Mitral regurgitation

…typically results in thickening of the leaflets and may coexist with mitral stenosis. Idiopathic degeneration (Barlow's disease), degeneration associated with connective tissue disorders (Marfan…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…by numerous local and systemic disorders. Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space may lead to increased intrapericardial pressure, which in turn affects ventricular relaxation…

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP

…of concomitant risk factors. In contrast, patients with confirmed hypertension generally require BP lowering treatment without additional risk stratification for that treatment decision. Population to…

Isoprenaline and Dopamine Infusions for Bradycardia

…conduction disorders frequently present with presyncope or syncope. Diagnosing transient or paroxysmal AV block in these individuals can be challenging. A high suspicion of intermittent…

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