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ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…muscle cells, leading to a white, platelet rich thrombus. Myocardial vulnerability, largely driven by coronary microvascular dysfunction, also contributes to the extension and severity of…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…sodium loading. It is the most common form of secondary hypertension. Aldosterone acts principally through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). After entering target cells, it binds…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…Where resources permit, objective assessment may include directly observed treatment or detection of prescribed medications in blood or urine samples. In patients with an estimated…

Vasovagal Syncope: Diagnosis, Tilt Testing and Treatment

…while supine Sudden onset of palpitations followed by syncope Severe coronary artery or structural heart disease High risk features on examination include: Unexplained systolic blood…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…occurs after an abrupt reduction or cessation of prolonged and heavy alcohol intake. The condition can develop despite a measurable or high blood alcohol concentration…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…during the examination. Work related musculoskeletal disorders are a common cause of pain and sickness absence for ultrasound practitioners (Harrison et al). When performing emergency…

Microvascular Angina and INOCA: Diagnosis with CFR and IMR

…in this pattern. Endothelial dysfunction may contribute to both microvascular and epicardial vasomotor disorders. Endothelial activation can promote the release of adhesion molecules, inflammatory cytokines…

Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview

…Malignancy: A history suggesting an autoimmune disorder or known malignancy may suggest specific, nonidiopathic etiologies [2]. Summary of Pain Characteristics The following table synthesizes the…

🟠 QT Drugs: Drugs causing QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP) and long QT syndrome (LQTS)

…on QT prolongation or risk of torsade de pointes in PubMed. Drug with neuroleptic and anti histamine properties. Sleep disorder Aceprometazine is often used in…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…vasoconstriction, adhesion of circulating cells, inflammatory cell entry into the intima, and thrombus formation. Atherosclerosis is therefore not simply a disorder of lipid storage. Its…

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