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Left Ventricular Function

…total and cardiovascular mortality ( Curtis et al ). Among patients with coronary heart disease, left ventricular function is actually a stronger predictor of death than the…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…risk of hypercapnia and a normal blood gas Usually 94 to 98 percent An individually documented target prescription, for example in chronic hypercapnia Follow the…

Management and treatment of AV block (atrioventricular blocks)

…since it may affect the choice of device therapy and also suggest whether other interventions (e.g. heart failure management, evaluation for coronary artery disease…

Noradrenaline, Dobutamine and Levosimendan: Practical Infusion Use

…of pregnancy. Evaluation and Physical Examination The source material does not provide a detailed description of the physical examination maneuvers specific to the evaluation of…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…or both. The clinical consequences of extracellular volume expansion include elevated cardiac filling pressures, pulmonary congestion, systemic venous hypertension, and peripheral interstitial edema. These abnormalities…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…The combination of physiology, rate of bleeding, the pattern of injury or disease, the response to initial treatment and the expected continued bleeding matters more…

Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…with older maternal age at first childbirth and the rising prevalence of obesity. Gestational hypertension is defined in the supplied guideline material as blood pressure…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…disease or excessive beta blocker or calcium channel blocker exposure. The incidence of cardiogenic shock complicating STEMI has fallen with prompt reperfusion and reduction of…

Indications, Contraindications, and Preparations for Exercise Stress Testing

…Decompensated heart failure – due to the risk of circulatory collapse and arrhythmias Pulmonary embolism in acute phase – due to risk of aggravation of the condition…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…the extent of circulatory compromise. Features associated with an unfavourable short term prognosis include: Tachycardia Low systolic blood pressure Respiratory insufficiency, manifested by tachypnoea and…

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