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Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…compression treatment of a leg ulcer — compression in arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis. Screening in diabetes of 10 years' duration, or in diabetes with age…

Deceased donor organ donation

…with time, clarity and respect is also what makes the decision hold afterwards. Organ preserving treatment — treatment given solely for the sake of the donation…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…a common cause (Figure 1). The duration of the P wave will exceed 120 milliseconds in lead II. Biatrial abnormality/enlargement Biatrial abnormality implies that…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…the site, duration and completeness of occlusion and on the adequacy of collateral blood flow. Ischaemia initially produces pain and sensory disturbance. With progression, motor…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…severe piperacillin–tazobactam 4 g × 4 IV Exacerbation of COPD with an indication for antibiotics amoxicillin 750 mg × 3 PO 5–7 days or doxycycline…

🟠 QTc Interval Calculator (Bazett’s, Fridericia’s, Hodge's and Framingham Formulas)

…intervals for QTc duration according to Bazett's formula. Note that a QTc interval 480 is always considered pathological. For patients with bundle branch blocks…

Cardiac troponin I (TnI) and T (TnT): Interpretation and evaluation in acute coronary syndromes

…peak levels of cTnI compared with cTnT. Normal values (reference values) URL (upper reference limit) : The URL is the upper normal limit of troponin in…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…select a safe disposition and diagnostic strategy. Only a minority of patients presenting with acute chest pain ultimately have ACS; reported rates are generally 5…

Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Diagnosis and Initial Evaluation

…characteristics of angina; many patients report less characteristic symptoms, while others present primarily with exertional dyspnoea. Symptoms should be characterized systematically, including: Onset and duration…

Long QT (QTc) interval, long QT syndrome (LQTS) & torsades de pointes

…intervals for QTc duration according to Bazett's formula. Note that a QTc interval 480 is always considered pathological. For patients with bundle branch blocks…

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