…diastolic volume of the ventricle (EDV) is reduced. Constrictive pericarditis also leads to right sided heart failure, which is explained by the fact that high…

…by the fact that the atria are depolarized sequentially, with the right atrium being depolarized before the left atrium. The first half of the P…

…The appearance of the P wave depends on where the atrial lead is fixed. Typically, the atrial lead is fixed next to the right atrial…

…than the right ventricle, the QRS complex is actually a reflection of the electrical potentials generated by the left ventricle. QRS duration QRS duration is…

…water soluble and short acting, not a depot preparation, and gives a shorter duration of effect. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL without adrenaline , 2–5 mL…

…conduction defect. Roughly 7% of cases progress to bifascicular block (which means that the LAFB is accompanied by a right bundle branch block), while 3…

…other ECG changes (see below) should lead to a suspicion of ARVC. The gradual loss of myocardium leads to ventricular dilation and right heart failure…

…venous system, resulting in dilation of vena cava inferior ( 2.1 cm). Severe tricuspid regurgitation may lead to systolic reversal in the hepatic veins. This…

…of catheterization) Congenital dysplasia/aplasia of the pulmonary valve Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilation Pulmonary regurgitation results in right ventricular volume overload, which gradually causes right…

…in increased intramural pressure in the right ventricle, which is counteracted by dilatation of the ventricle. Dilatation of the right ventricle results in reduced intraventricular…