…Figure 1. Anatomy of the mitral valve The leaflets are connected to the papillary muscles via chordae tendineae (Figure 1). The anterolateral papillary muscle receives…

…mitral regurgitation Chronic mitral regurgitation causes a gradual volume and pressure overload, such that LVEDP and LAP rise slowly. This leads to compensatory dilatation of…

…g mitral stenosis) requires intervention. Valve replacement can be performed with biological or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of…

…consisting of the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles . As compared to the mitral valve, the tricuspid valve is located slightly more apically (<0.8…

…help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of aortic root dilation. Key Formulas BSA Calculation (Mosteller formula): [ …

…This is called P mitrale, because mitral valve disease is a common cause (Figure 1). The duration of the P wave will exceed 120 milliseconds…

…This reduces the filling of the left atrium and, accordingly, the left ventricle. The reduced flow over the mitral valve results in reduced E wave…

…septum, or mitral valve apparatus. These lesions can cause acute severe regurgitation, a left to right shunt, tamponade, or sudden loss of effective cardiac output…

…does not determine the anticoagulation indication. Previous stroke or TIA. The presence of mitral stenosis, a mechanical heart valve or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart failure, hypertension…

…in any of the following: A systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg caused by the arrhythmia. Ongoing myocardial ischaemia with chest pain and ECG changes…