…cause of mitral regurgitation in low and middle income countries. Rheumatic heart disease typically results in thickening of the leaflets and may coexist with mitral…

…the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The anterior leaflet is anatomically divided into three segments referred to as A1 (anterior segment), A2 (middle segment)…

…that the test failed to identify 27.8% of individuals with poor neurological recovery. The specificity of absent pupillary reflex for predicting a poor neurological…

…lead to ventricular dilation. However, the term dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to idiopathic or genetic dilation of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop…

…help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of aortic root dilation. Key Formulas BSA Calculation (Mosteller formula): [ …

…with left ventricular dilation. This type of cardiomyopathy, referred to as tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy , can be caused by any tachyarrhythmia leading to prolonged periods of…

…and pressure half time (PHT) are also estimated using continuous Doppler. A dense regurgitant jet with rapid deceleration (short PHT) is suggestive of severe regurgitation…

…the contraction of smooth muscle cells. As compared with nitroprusside, nicardipine induces relatively greater venodilation than arteriolar dilation. Effects Nicardipine causes dilation of the coronary…

…OAC. Bleeding Risk Assessment: HAS BLED Score Bleeding risk must be quantified using validated tools, with the HAS BLED score being the most widely recommended…

…in dilation of vena cava inferior ( 2.1 cm). Severe tricuspid regurgitation may lead to systolic reversal in the hepatic veins. This is visualized using…