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Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…compression treatment of a leg ulcer — compression in arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis. Screening in diabetes of 10 years' duration, or in diabetes with age…

Constrictive pericarditis: definition, causes, diagnosis & echocardiography

…from dilating adequately during diastole. This leads to increased and equivalent diastolic pressure in all rooms. Because pressure is high in the atria, filling of…

Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy

…stroke volume, and subsequently lower blood pressure and reduced organ perfusion. Left ventricular dilation occurs with ensuing decline inleft ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This is…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…heavy consumption is associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and alcohol related cardiomyopathy. The cardiovascular implications of lower alcohol intake remain controversial…

Tricuspid stenosis

…former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and evidence demonstrating long term durability (Filsoufi et al). Percutaneous interventions lack long term safety…

Hypertensive crisis: drugs and doses

…reference to the intravenous antihypertensive drugs used in a hypertensive emergency. It summarises the mechanism of action, the onset, the duration of effect, the dosing…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…10 mL with sodium chloride) before intravenous titration. Half of all opioid dosing errors arise at the dilution step, and an undiluted syringe of 10…

🟠 Hypertensive emergency (crisis) - Drugs, doses & management

…the contraction of smooth muscle cells. As compared with nitroprusside, nicardipine induces relatively greater venodilation than arteriolar dilation. Effects Nicardipine causes dilation of the coronary…

Hypertensive emergency (crisis)

…the contraction of smooth muscle cells. As compared with nitroprusside, nicardipine induces relatively greater venodilation than arteriolar dilation. Effects Nicardipine causes dilation of the coronary…

The QRS complex: ECG features of the Q-wave, R-wave, S-wave & duration

…to by their lower case letters (q, r, s). Figure 5 shows examples of naming of the QRS complex. Net direction of the QRS complex…

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