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Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…distal ulcer. Before compression treatment of a leg ulcer — compression in arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis. Screening in diabetes of 10 years' duration, or in…

Constrictive pericarditis: definition, causes, diagnosis & echocardiography

…from dilating adequately during diastole. This leads to increased and equivalent diastolic pressure in all rooms. Because pressure is high in the atria, filling of…

Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy

…the risk of cardiomyopathy. Pathophysiology Prolonged tachyarrhythmias lead to the following hemodynamic effects: Tachyarrhythmia results in reduced preload, diminished stroke volume, and subsequently lower blood…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…although the exact exposure threshold and duration required are not established. The source material identifies chronic intake of approximately 60 g daily in males and…

Tricuspid stenosis

…or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and evidence demonstrating long term durability (Filsoufi et al). Percutaneous interventions…

Hypertensive crisis: drugs and doses

…reference to the intravenous antihypertensive drugs used in a hypertensive emergency. It summarises the mechanism of action, the onset, the duration of effect, the dosing…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…titration. Half of all opioid dosing errors arise at the dilution step, and an undiluted syringe of 10 mg/mL makes small adjustments impossible. Procedure…

🟠 Hypertensive emergency (crisis) - Drugs, doses & management

…inhibitors Enalaprilat Enalaprilat is rarely used in hypertensive crisis due to its slow onset, prolonged duration of effect, and significant individual variations in its effect…

Hypertensive emergency (crisis)

…inhibitors Enalaprilat Enalaprilat is rarely used in hypertensive crisis due to its slow onset, prolonged duration of effect, and significant individual variations in its effect…

The QRS complex: ECG features of the Q-wave, R-wave, S-wave & duration

…to by their lower case letters (q, r, s). Figure 5 shows examples of naming of the QRS complex. Net direction of the QRS complex…

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