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Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…venous system, resulting in dilation of vena cava inferior ( 2.1 cm). Severe tricuspid regurgitation may lead to systolic reversal in the hepatic veins. This…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…women or five for men on one occasion. Pharmacokinetics and pathophysiology Approximately 95% of ingested ethanol undergoes hepatic metabolism. Alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol to acetaldehyde…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…availability; check what applies where you work. They assume normal renal and hepatic function, a non pregnant adult of normal weight, and individual assessment. See…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…and hepatic function regular medication and drug dependence epilepsy or previous seizures suicidal intent packaging, blister packs, photographs, the prescription list and the findings of…

🟠 Prasugrel (Effient, Efient, Prasita)

…administered at the time of PCI. Patients should also take acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) daily (75–325 mg). Duration of therapy : Premature discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy…

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Choosing Anticoagulation

…presence of mitral stenosis, a mechanical heart valve or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart failure, hypertension, diabetes and vascular disease. Age and sex category. Renal and hepatic…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…light causes rapid bilateral pupillary constriction (a brisk reflex), whereas low light causes dilation. This reflex is highly sensitive to brainstem integrity and cerebral perfusion…

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…DCM) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as dilation of one or both ventricles. Dilation of the left ventricle is virtually always accompanied by impaired left…

🟠 Adjusted aortic root dimension

…help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of aortic root dilation. Key Formulas BSA Calculation (Mosteller formula): [ …

Mitral regurgitation

…to dilation of the mitral annulus and papillary muscle displacement (i.e the distance between the papillary muscle and the mitral annulus increases), both of…

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