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Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…sustained heavy consumption is associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and alcohol related cardiomyopathy. The cardiovascular implications of lower alcohol intake remain…

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Choosing Anticoagulation

…Renal and hepatic function. Previous bleeding, bleeding predisposition, alcohol use and concomitant drugs that increase bleeding risk. Adherence and the suitability of the proposed anticoagulant…

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…venous system, resulting in dilation of vena cava inferior ( 2.1 cm). Severe tricuspid regurgitation may lead to systolic reversal in the hepatic veins. This…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…severe piperacillin–tazobactam 4 g × 4 IV Exacerbation of COPD with an indication for antibiotics amoxicillin 750 mg × 3 PO 5–7 days or doxycycline…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…and hepatic function regular medication and drug dependence epilepsy or previous seizures suicidal intent packaging, blister packs, photographs, the prescription list and the findings of…

🟠 Prasugrel (Effient, Efient, Prasita)

…mg). Duration of therapy : Premature discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy, including prasugrel, in ACS patients treated with PCI can increase the risk of thrombosis, myocardial infarction…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…that the test failed to identify 27.8% of individuals with poor neurological recovery. The specificity of absent pupillary reflex for predicting a poor neurological…

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…lead to ventricular dilation. However, the term dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to idiopathic or genetic dilation of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop…

🟠 Adjusted aortic root dimension

…help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of aortic root dilation. Key Formulas BSA Calculation (Mosteller formula): [ …

Mitral regurgitation

…prolapse of P2 (Figure 1). Myocardial ischemia affecting the papillary muscles or the connected myocardium may cause mitral prolapse, and thus regurgitation. Ischemia manifests with…

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