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Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…there is significant stenosis ( 75% luminal obstruction) of the left main coronary artery (LAD) or 2 epicardial coronary arteries (Felker et al). Left ventricular dilation…

Factors that modify the natural course in acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

…survive for 60 minutes in the case of a total occlusion or 5 hours in the case of a partial occlusion. Coronary artery anatomy There…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis. Screening in diabetes of 10 years' duration, or in diabetes with age 50 years. Risk assessment in known coronary or…

Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina: Provocation Testing and Treatment

…with a worse prognosis. VA may occur in the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), in non obstructive coronary arteries, or in patients with…

Refractory Angina: Options When Standard Therapy Fails

…CABG), or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), including attempted recanalization of a chronic total coronary occlusion. Angina or ischaemia with non obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA/INOCA)…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…sustained heavy consumption is associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and alcohol related cardiomyopathy. The cardiovascular implications of lower alcohol intake remain…

Left Ventricular Function

…for assessing ventricular function. For better or worse, ejection fraction has become virtually synonymous with left ventricular function. An obvious drawback with the use of…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…is still indicated with continuing ischaemia, shock, serious arrhythmia or acute heart failure. Routine opening of a persistently occluded infarct related artery in a stable…

Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: Evolution, Evidence and Stent Choice

…with lesion anatomy, clinical presentation, bleeding risk, the anticipated need for non cardiac surgery, procedural complexity, and the relative merits of PCI and coronary artery…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…primarily for instability. Evaluation and physical examination Initial assessment should establish whether AF is associated with acute haemodynamic compromise, pulmonary oedema, or evidence of coronary…

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