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Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…and other symptoms may occur without chest pain and should be considered anginal equivalents. The emergency evaluation of non traumatic chest discomfort is structured around…

Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Myocardial Viability Assessment and Revascularization

…several overlapping processes: Recurrent or extensive MI with necrosis and scar formation Diffuse myocardial fibrosis Reversible ischemic dysfunction Chronic hypoperfusion with hibernating myocardium Post ischemic…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…left ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other manifestations of diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are revascularization procedures…

Abscess incision and drainage

… cellulitis instead gives a diffuse oedematous picture without a demarcated fluid collection. Ultrasound also shows the depth of the cavity and its distance to vessels…

Coronary Anatomy and Segmental Classification for the Clinician

…atherosclerosis is diffuse, leading to underestimation of the overall disease burden. Angiography also provides limited information about plaque composition, vulnerability and the risk of future…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…should be suspected when distal coronary perfusion remains reduced despite successful treatment of the apparent epicardial stenosis and without an angiographically evident flow limiting obstruction…

Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction After PCI and CABG

…the criteria for type 1 MI. Procedural myocardial injury may also occur without satisfying the diagnostic threshold for periprocedural MI. This distinction is clinically important…

Refractory Angina: Options When Standard Therapy Fails

…ischaemia without an obstructive epicardial lesion. Once conventional anti ischaemic targets have been exhausted, proposed therapeutic approaches act through several broad mechanisms: Promotion of coronary…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…Rhabdomyolysis is a rare, severe form of muscle injury. The biological basis of many reported muscle symptoms remains uncertain. Randomized trials have shown muscle adverse…

Cardiac amyloidosis

…CA) is a protein misfolding disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of misfolded fibrillar proteins in the myocardium, leading to a diffuse infiltrative cardiomyopathy [8…

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