…be considered anginal equivalents. The emergency evaluation of non traumatic chest discomfort is structured around three principal diagnostic categories: Myocardial ischaemia , particularly acute coronary syndrome…

…several overlapping processes: Recurrent or extensive MI with necrosis and scar formation Diffuse myocardial fibrosis Reversible ischemic dysfunction Chronic hypoperfusion with hibernating myocardium Post ischemic…

…left ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other manifestations of diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are revascularization procedures…

…heterogeneous area whose contents move under pressure; cellulitis instead gives a diffuse oedematous picture without a demarcated fluid collection. Ultrasound also shows the depth of…

…adjacent reference segment presumed to be relatively normal. This assumption may be incorrect when atherosclerosis is diffuse, leading to underestimation of the overall disease burden…

…multivessel coronary artery disease, and diffuse disease increase the likelihood of cardiovascular collapse when PCI fails or flow is severely compromised. Clinical Presentation No reflow…

…the criteria for type 1 MI. Procedural myocardial injury may also occur without satisfying the diagnostic threshold for periprocedural MI. This distinction is clinically important…

…more patients survive with severe, diffuse CAD that is no longer amenable to additional mechanical revascularization. Despite treatment with antianginal drugs and PCI or CABG…

…symptoms (SAMS). These range from diffuse myalgia with a normal CK and no functional impairment to myositis with muscle inflammation and elevated CK. Rhabdomyolysis is…

…is a protein misfolding disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of misfolded fibrillar proteins in the myocardium, leading to a diffuse infiltrative cardiomyopathy [8, 15]…

…5]. Acute Pericarditis vs. Acute Myocardial Infarction The ST segment elevation in acute pericarditis is typically diffuse, involving all leads except aVR and often V1…

…In contrast, preserved FFR with reduced CFR may indicate coronary microvascular dysfunction or diffuse epicardial disease. Concordantly normal FFR and CFR are associated with an…

…CMD; epicardial coronary vasospasm; microvascular spasm; endothelial dysfunction; concealed diffuse atherosclerosis; myocardial bridging; myocardial metabolic abnormalities; and abnormal pain perception in patients without demonstrable ischaemia…

…technical factors. Relative perfusion assessment has an important limitation: it requires a normally perfused reference territory. In diffuse coronary disease, balanced multivessel disease, or global…

…diffuse luminal narrowing, typically extending more than 20–30 mm The most common pattern; may be mistaken for vasospasm or diffuse disease Type 3 Focal…

…device therapy eligibility. Ischemic cardiomyopathy, defined by significant CAD (prior MI, diffuse microvascular dysfunction, or flow limiting epicardial stenoses), is the predominant cause, accounting for…

…occurs when the myocardium becomes ischemic. It is typically described as a diffuse pain over the anterior chest wall. The pain may be experienced as…

…causing minimal radiation exposure. It is metabolically inert and diffuses freely across cell membranes, allowing for precise quantification of myocardial blood flow and assessment of…