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Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Myocardial Viability Assessment and Revascularization

…MI with necrosis and scar formation Diffuse myocardial fibrosis Reversible ischemic dysfunction Chronic hypoperfusion with hibernating myocardium Post ischemic stunning Adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…arteries. It frequently coexists with left main coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other manifestations of diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous…

Abscess incision and drainage

…heterogeneous area whose contents move under pressure; cellulitis instead gives a diffuse oedematous picture without a demarcated fluid collection. Ultrasound also shows the depth of…

Coronary Anatomy and Segmental Classification for the Clinician

…defined as stenosis of at least 70%, while a left main coronary stenosis of at least 50% is considered significant. These thresholds describe luminal narrowing…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…multivessel coronary artery disease, and diffuse disease increase the likelihood of cardiovascular collapse when PCI fails or flow is severely compromised. Clinical Presentation No reflow…

Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction After PCI and CABG

…stenosis, multivessel coronary artery disease, or diffuse disease. No reflow represents impaired antegrade myocardial perfusion in the absence of a flow limiting epicardial stenosis. It…

Refractory Angina: Options When Standard Therapy Fails

…more patients survive with severe, diffuse CAD that is no longer amenable to additional mechanical revascularization. Despite treatment with antianginal drugs and PCI or CABG…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…symptoms (SAMS). These range from diffuse myalgia with a normal CK and no functional impairment to myositis with muscle inflammation and elevated CK. Rhabdomyolysis is…

Cardiac amyloidosis

…Clinical Context Cardiac amyloidosis should be suspected in patients older than 65 years presenting with heart failure and increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness [3…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…diagnostic. The severity of pain also has limited discriminatory value. Features suggesting myocardial ischaemia Ischaemic discomfort commonly: Is substernal and diffuse. Is described as pressure…

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