…dissection (SCAD) is an acute coronary disorder caused by separation within the coronary arterial wall, usually through formation of an intramural haematoma that compresses the…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology No reflow is impaired anterograde myocardial perfusion despite the absence of a flow limiting epicardial coronary stenosis. It…

…left ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other manifestations of diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are revascularization procedures…

…thresholds differing for PCI and CABG; and At least one additional indicator of new myocardial ischemia or procedural coronary compromise. When preprocedural troponin is elevated…

… cellulitis instead gives a diffuse oedematous picture without a demarcated fluid collection. Ultrasound also shows the depth of the cavity and its distance to vessels…

…investigations. The emergency differential also reflects distinct mechanisms of acute cardiopulmonary disease: Pulmonary embolism and spontaneous pneumothorax may produce abrupt chest pain and respiratory distress…

…an imperfect predictor of future myocardial infarction or sudden death. Lesions causing only mild obstruction may rupture, thrombose and occlude. Many acute myocardial infarctions arise…

…early electrocardiographic sign of acute pericarditis, reflecting pericardial involvement overlying the atria [4, 5]. Other Differential Diagnoses ST segment elevations simulating acute ischemia or infarction…

…Asian ancestry Previous muscle disease or a personal or family history of muscle disorders Acute infection Renal or hepatic impairment Hypothyroidism Vitamin D deficiency Concomitant…

…incident HFrEF. Historically dominated by acute myocardial infarction (MI) survivors, the contemporary risk factor profile is increasingly driven by the global epidemics of obesity, diabetes…

…processes: Recurrent or extensive MI with necrosis and scar formation Diffuse myocardial fibrosis Reversible ischemic dysfunction Chronic hypoperfusion with hibernating myocardium Post ischemic stunning Adverse…

…exhaustion of conventional therapeutic options. It is defined by symptoms lasting more than 3 months and attributable to established reversible myocardial ischaemia in either of…

…CA) is a protein misfolding disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of misfolded fibrillar proteins in the myocardium, leading to a diffuse infiltrative cardiomyopathy [8…

…Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an invasive, lesion specific physiological index used to estimate the functional significance of…

… concealed diffuse atherosclerosis; myocardial bridging; myocardial metabolic abnormalities; and abnormal pain perception in patients without demonstrable ischaemia. The absence of obstructive disease therefore does not…

…it requires a normally perfused reference territory. In diffuse coronary disease, balanced multivessel disease, or global impairment of microvascular vasodilation, regional differences may be underestimated…

…ischemia and infarction Coronary artery disease (ischemic heart disease) Coronary artery disease, which is synonymous with ischemic heart disease, is the most common form of…

…exposure. It is metabolically inert and diffuses freely across cell membranes, allowing for precise quantification of myocardial blood flow and assessment of coronary flow reserve…