…Outside it the risk of injuring the diaphragm, liver, spleen or internal thoracic artery increases. For diagnostic aspiration the point chosen is instead where the…

…first place, an echocardiographic examination is done. With echocardiography, good conditions are obtained for visualizing the pericardium, its surroundings, the myocardium and valves. ECG is…

…Tracking Tissue tracking is used to calculate the distance that the myocardium moves during the cardiac cycle. The predominant technique for tissue tracking is speckle…

…Type IIIa: remains confined to the descending thoracic aorta. Type IIIb: extends below the diaphragm. The temporal classification is also clinically relevant: Hyperacute: less than…

…occur simultaneously. This results in the AV plane being pulled towards the apex (which is fixed to the diaphragm via the pericardial sack), while the…