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Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…needed. Intubate for a threatened airway, a marked risk of aspiration, or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an antidote B Respiratory rate, saturation…

Atrial Flutter: Mechanisms, ECG Recognition and Management

…dependent on the CTI. Consequently, true atypical flutter is considered a post hoc diagnosis, confirmed only after the circuit has been fully outlined and dependence…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…Overdrive pacing in bradycardia dependent torsades de pointes. Standby pacing — pads applied but the device not switched on — in second degree AV block Mobitz type…

Perioperative Management of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

…electronic equipment may also interfere with device function. The clinical consequences depend on the device, the patient's dependence on pacing, the presence of CRT…

Sotalol: Initiation, QT Monitoring and Renal Dosing

…which prolongs the plateau phase of the action potential. This action potential prolongation exhibits reverse use dependence, meaning the repolarization time is extended to a…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…antibiotics within 60 minutes of triage or arrival. This is supported by international guidelines on neutropenic fever [2]. The direct evidence for exactly one hour…

Left Ventricular Function

…and rather complex. Indeed, myocardial mechanics constitute a whole research field. Cardiac function is also dependent on circulatory, pulmonary, renal and neurohormonal factors. These factors…

STEMI: Fibrinolysis, Indications, Contraindications and Rescue PCI

…ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a working diagnosis based on persistent ST segment elevation or an equivalent electrocardiographic pattern in a patient with…

Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…imbalance ECG Definition and Pathophysiology Acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterised by an abnormal prolongation of the QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG)…

Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside present throughout the body that interacts with G protein coupled A1 receptors located on the extracellular surface of cardiac cells…

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