…valve regurgitation Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Pulmonary valve morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep deceleration…

…abnormal often abnormal abnormal, possibly flail CW profile mitral regurgitation weak variable dense Shape CW profile mitral regurgitation parabolic variable early peak, triangular Size left…

…enlarged Size right atrium normal normal or enlarged enlarged CW profile tricuspid regurgitation weak variable dense Shape CW profile tricuspid regurgitation parabolic variable early peak…

…reduced HDL cholesterol and increased small, dense LDL particles. Increased apoB containing particles and remnants may provide a more accurate assessment of atherogenic burden than…

…Gallstone causing acoustic shadowing. Reverberations artifacts Ultrasound waves can be reflected multiple times between dense structures ( i.e structures with high echogenicity). For each reflection…

…are also estimated using continuous Doppler. A dense regurgitant jet with rapid deceleration (short PHT) is suggestive of severe regurgitation; the leakage usually ends early…

…excentric Coaptation defect mild moderate severe CW profile aortic regurgitation weak variable dense Size left atrium normal normal or enlarged enlarged Size left ventricle normal…

…excentric Coaptation defect mild moderate severe CW profile aortic regurgitation weak variable dense Size left atrium normal normal or enlarged enlarged Size left ventricle normal…

…enlarged Size right atrium normal normal or enlarged enlarged CW profile tricuspid regurgitation weak variable dense Shape CW profile tricuspid regurgitation parabolic variable early peak…

…common mechanism (2 5%), characterized by eruptive, dense nodular calcifications that break through the intimal layer, provoking localized thrombosis. This is predominantly observed in older…

…is the most prevalent etiology. The necrotic myocardium is replaced by dense collagenous scar, interspersed with surviving bundles of myocytes that form the slow conducting…

…contract plasma volume and modestly lower blood pressure. Increased sodium delivery to the macula densa restores tubuloglomerular feedback, causing afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction and reducing glomerular…