…rupture with tamponade, and less common causes such as severe pre existing valvular disease or excessive beta blocker or calcium channel blocker exposure. The incidence…

…exerts no membrane stabilizing effects. The class III antiarrhythmic effect is achieved by blocking the delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr), which prolongs the plateau phase…

…1 to 2 hours. Oral onset is delayed, typically requiring 2 to 3 days, and often 1 to 3 weeks or occasionally longer; loading doses…

…not routinely undergo immediate angiography. A selective or delayed approach is recommended in this setting unless other findings justify urgent intervention. Risk scores Several risk…

…either primary or delayed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Contraindications Prasugrel should not be used in the following situations: Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any…

…wait for a complete diagnosis or for grading. Antihistamines, corticosteroids, inhaled bronchodilators and nebulised adrenaline never replace intramuscular adrenaline [1,2]. Delayed administration of adrenaline…

…narrowing generally improves or disappears during diastole, distinguishing myocardial bridging from a fixed coronary stenosis. However, intravascular ultrasound has shown that delayed opening of the…

…propagate slowly as they travel partially or entirely outside the specialized conduction system. This slow propagation leads to a delayed and abnormal activation sequence of…

…intermittent failures to discharge impulses). Sinoatrial block (delayed or blocked impulse conduction between the sinoatrial node and the atrium). All these conditions have been discussed…

…but delayed antibiotics are associated with a worse outcome in sepsis and in several studies of neutropenic patients. In septic shock, or where sepsis is…

…cirrhosis or suspected variceal bleeding, also contact a gastroenterologist with hepatology expertise 9 Activate the local major haemorrhage protocol in uncontrolled bleeding, shock or a…

…anomalies disrupt the cardiac ion channels, leading to delayed repolarization and an increased risk of life threatening arrhythmic events. The cornerstone of LQTS management involves…

…The limb may be cold, pale, cyanotic or mottled. Capillary refill is delayed, and venous filling may be reduced. Other possible findings include muscle stiffening…

…resulting in myocyte necrosis. Plaque rupture may be further complicated by intraluminal thrombosis or haemorrhage into the plaque through the disrupted surface. Type 2 MI…

…identifiable underlying cause. It should be considered in every patient with newly diagnosed or referred hypertension, with particular vigilance when the clinical history includes hypokalaemia…

…QRS duration. A QRS duration of 120 ms (0.12 s) or more is required to diagnose a complete left bundle branch block . In addition…

…or ACS complicated by cardiogenic shock. In NSTE ACS, a strategy involving coronary angiography and subsequent revascularization may be undertaken early, delayed, or selectively after…

…cardiovascular interventions. Dressler syndrome now occurs in fewer than 1% of AMI cases and is seen predominantly after larger infarctions and/or delayed reperfusion. Its…

…anticholinergics, opioids and salicylate — where gastric emptying is delayed — may justify charcoal later, in some cases up to 6 hours or more. Discuss this with…

…5. With severe symptoms: give hypertonic saline immediately. Do not wait for a complete work up of the cause or for imaging. 6. Document the…

…anomalies disrupt the cardiac ion channels, leading to delayed repolarization and an increased risk of life threatening arrhythmic events. The cornerstone of LQTS management involves…

…post event period is particularly vulnerable, and delayed intensification of lipid lowering therapy may leave patients exposed to avoidable risk. Contemporary guidance therefore supports an…

…material. Delayed help seeking is associated with older age, female sex, Black race, lower socioeconomic or uninsured status, a history of angina or diabetes, and…

…substantial proportion of patients with acute coronary occlusion (ACO) who present without diagnostic ST elevation, often resulting in delayed treatment. In response to these limitations…

…2 weeks. The peak vasodilatory effect is observed between 2 4 days following the infusion. This delayed onset is attributable to its active metabolite, which…

…the R wave and/or notch in the descending limb of the S wave In case of complete/incomplete bundle branch block or pacemaker rhythm…

…autosomal dominant family, whereas heterozygous carriers of an X linked condition may develop a phenotype later and require delayed or individualized assessment. Disease specific genetic…

…few days. Principles Insulin component Function Who needs it : : : Basal insulin (intermediate or long acting) Covers fasting glucose production Everyone with type 1 diabetes, always…

…delayed capillary refill, cold or mottled skin Metabolism and perfusion A lactate above 2 mmol/L, metabolic acidosis or a rising lactate Kidney A rise…

…including after menopause, contributing to delayed assessment and undertreatment. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors Several conventional risk factors have sex dependent effects: Blood pressure rises more…

…follow cardiac surgery, coronary angiography or other invasive procedures, and affected patients may be relatively painless compared with those with spontaneous dissection. Clinical manifestations may…

…of impulses. Intense parasympathetic activity can result in a complete blockage of impulse conduction. If such blockage persists for 6 seconds or more, syncope occurs…

…leading to a delayed equalization of the pressure gradient. Conversely, the deceleration time is shortened if left ventricular compliance is reduced, or if left atrial…