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Diagnosis and management of supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias: Narrow complex tachycardia & wide complex tachycardia

…and therapeutic considerations, with recommendations aligned with current guidelines from both the American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC), as well as…

🟠 Management of STEMI (ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction)

Info This page summarises the most current recommendations for the management of acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST segment elevations (i.e STEMI, ST segment…

Ivabradine: Indications, Dosing and Heart-Rate Targets

…level C. The European regulatory threshold described in the source material differs from the trial based threshold: ivabradine was approved for patients with HFrEF, LVEF…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…a real giant. During his lecture professor Yusuf said that he was not too impressed with current guidelines. He said that guidelines tend to be…

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…However, contemporary data suggest that the current figure is approximately 60%. The discrepancy between traditional figures and recent studies is due to the dramatic decrease…

The 3-phase model of sudden cardiac arrest

…energy source in all cells]). The heart consumes approximately 30 kilograms of ATP per day (Neubauer et al), which is about 100 times its weight…

Blood gas interpretation: quick reference for acid-base disorders

…and supplemental oxygen [1]. Distinguish between: Acidaemia and alkalaemia , which describe the current pH of the blood. Acidosis and alkalosis , which describe processes that lower…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…or a haemoglobin below the applicable transfusion threshold (see below). Ongoing bleeding with haemodynamic compromise, whatever the current haemoglobin — haemoglobin falls late in acute haemorrhage…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

…not by the values on admission alone. Diagnosis Current diagnostic criteria According to the international consensus report of 2024, the diagnosis of DKA requires three…

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